NEWARK, N.J. (AP) — Ongoing battles between ride-hailing companies and states and cities over background checks have focused attention on the reliability of fingerprinting.

Several studies have found many criminal records in the FBI’s fingerprint system have missing or inaccurate information on how criminal cases were resolved.

That’s because the FBI relies on the state where a crime was committed to furnish the information. The studies found some states had efficient systems while others had huge backlogs.

That worries civil rights and job rights advocates at a time when requests for fingerprint background checks are soaring.

Companies like Uber and Lyft have threatened not to operate in some places — and have pulled out of others — over fingerprinting requirements.